Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 12، March 2025 ، issue Number 106

A study of the views of commentators and philosophers on the verse of light and its comparison with the view of Safi Ali Shah in the interpretation of Quranic verse

Mitra Bahrami (Author in Charge)

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Over the centuries, commentators of the Quran have expressed their original mystical experiences and views on the verses of the Quran from an interpretative perspective. One of the verses of interest to commentators is the verse of light, which has been considered in the the verse of the Holy Quran by Safi Ali Shah from the perspective of unity of existence. The main objective of this article is to analyze and study the verse of light in mysticism based on Safi Ali Shah"s verse interpretation.

METHODOLOGY: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and data mining using documentary methods based on Safi Ali Shah"s verse interpretation and focusing on the topic of light in the blessed Surah of Noor.

FINDINGS: Based on Safi Ali Shah"s verse interpretation, the word light is the key and main word in finding the semantic implication that the poet intends. According to Safi Ali Shah"s interpretation, light is a symbol of unity with God, which expresses the poet"s idea of ​​unity of being.

CONCLUSION: According to Safi Ali Shah"s mystical and spiritual experiences, light indicates the truth of God, which is the opposite of darkness and is one of the names of God. In analyzing the application of light to God, Safi Ali Shah pays attention to Ibn Arabi"s idea of ​​unity of being, along with an ontological and epistemological approach.

Keyword
Light. Interpretation of the Quran. Interpretation of Safi A

• The Holy Quran. Translated by Nasser Makarem Shirazi.
• Abu al-Futuh al-Razi. Hossein ibn Ali (1987). With the efforts of Muhammad Mahdi Nasih and Muhammad Ja'far Yahaqi. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi, p. 141.
• Ain al-Qudzat Hamadani. Abdullah ibn Muhammad (2022). Preparations. Based on the manuscript of Afif Asiran. Third edition. Tehran: Mawli, p. 260.
• Alam al-Huda. Ali ibn Hussein (2009). The copied and abridged verses from the narration of Abu Abdullah ibn Ibrahim al-Nu'mani. Volume 3. Beirut: Dar al-Ahya' al-Turaht al-Arabiya, p. 143.
• Alishah Gonabadi. Muhammad ibn Heidar (1994). Tafsir Bayan al-Sa'adah fi Maqamat al-Ibaadah. Translated by Muhammad Reza Khani and Heshmatullah Raazi. Tehran: Author, p. 191.
• Ayyazi. Seyyed Muhammad Ali (2000). An Introduction to the Commentaries. Tehran: Kitab Mobin, p. 198.
• Bahri. Reza and others (2023). “Understanding the metaphor of the verse of light from the perspective of mystical interpretations”. Scientific Quarterly of Islamic Mysticism. Year 20. Issue 78. pp. 329-360.
• Beyzawi. Abdullah bin Omar (1997). Anwar al-Tanzil and the Secrets of Interpretation. Beirut: Dar Ihyaa al-Turahat al-Arabi, p. 105.
• Fakhr e Razi. Muhammad ibn Omar (1999). Al-Tafsir al-Kabir. Vol. 23. Beirut: Dar al-Ahya al-Turaht al-Arabiya. P. 379.
• Farhangi. Suheila (2017). “A stylistic study of the translation of the Quranic verse by Omid Majd from a linguistic perspective”. Specialized quarterly journal of stylistics of Persian poetry and prose (Bahar Adab). Year 10. Issue 2. Series 36. pp. 213-227.
• Ghazali. Muhammad ibn Muhammad (1393) Mishkat al-Anwar. Translated by Sayyid Nasser Tabataba'i. Third edition. Tehran: Mawliriya, pp. 16-17. 119.
• _____________________________ (2023). Two mystical treatises. Translated by Ahmad Wafa'i Basir. Tehran: Jami, pp. 21-22.
• Haddad. Abu Bakr bin Ali (2000). Tafsir al-Kabir. Beirut: Dar al-Turahat al-Arabi, p. 436.
• Hosseini Hamadani. Muhammad (1983). Anwar Derakhshan in the interpretation of the Quran. 18 vols. Tehran: Lotfi, p. 979.
• Ibn Arabi. Muhi al-Din (1991). The Conquests of Mecca. Translated by Muhammad Khawaji. Volume 4. Tehran: Mola, pp. 312-39-486.
• Ibn Sina. Hossein ibn Abdullah (1971). Al-Ishaarat wa al-Tanbihat. Researched by Sulayman al-Dunya. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif al-Misr, pp. 387-392.
• __________________________ (1984). Al-Mabda and Al-Ma'ad. Tehran: Institute of Islamic Studies, University of Tehran (in collaboration with McGill University), p. 97.
• Khalil ben Ahmad (2004). Al-Ain. The efforts of Mahdi Makhzoumi and others. Qom: Aswa, p. 185.
• Khoramshahi. Baha al-Din (2014). Encyclopedia of the Quran and Quranic Studies. Fourth edition. Tehran: Dostan, p. 2278.
• Khoshal Dastjerdi. Tahereh (2000). “A look at the interpretation of the Quran in the poetry of Safi Ali Shah Isfahani”. Publication of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities (University of Isfahan). No. 20 and 21. pp. 159-182.
• Majlisi. Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Taqi (2007). Bihar al-Anwar. Vol. 75. Qom: Islamiyeh.
• Malk al-Mowarekhin. Abd al-Hossein (2007). Mirat al-Waqa'i Zafari. Edited by: Abd al-Hossein Nava'i. Tehran: Miras Maktoob, p. 79.
• Miri. Muhammad and the Sefidian. Ali (2022). “Finding the Roots of Ibn Sina’s Interpretation of the Verse of Light in the Interpretations of the Companions and Followers and Examining Its Influence on Later Interpretations”. Quran and Hadith Research Journal. Issue 31. pp. 147-168.
• Mohammadi. Muhammad and the Fotohi o Rod Moajni. Mahmoud (2022). "Five Newly Discovered Sufi Manzum Tafsirs". Two Quarterly Journals of Persian Literature, Kharazmi University. Year 30. Issue 93. pp. 281-306.
• Mohammadzadeh Moghadam. Javad (2001). “Light and Darkness in the Wisdom of Illumination”. Kayhan Farhangi. Issue 178. pp. 18-23.
• Mulla Sadra. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (2021). Al-Shawahid al-Ruboobiyyah. Translation and commentary: Javad Musleh. Vol. 1. Ninth edition. Tehran: Soroush, p. 148.
• _____________________________ (1987). Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim. Edited by: Muhammad Khawajoi. Volume 4. Tehran: Bidar, p. 368.
• _____________________________ (2010). Mafatih al-Ghayb. Third edition. Tehran: Iranian Wisdom and Philosophy Association, p. 5.
• Nasafi. Abdul-aziz bin Muhammad (2010). Collection of Letters (Al-Insan Al-Kamil). Edited by: Marijan Molla. Translated by: Zia al-Din Dehshiri. Tenth Edition. Tehran: Tahouri, p. 95.
• Nwyia. Paul (1994). Quranic Interpretation and Mystical Language. Translated by: Ismail Saadat. Tehran: University Publishing Center, p. 147.
• Qonavi. Sadr al-Din (1992). Al-Fukuk. Translated by: Muhammad Khawaji. Tehran: Mawli, p. 15.
• Ragheb Isfahani. Hossein bin Muhammad (2005). The glossary of the words of the Holy Quran. Qom: Tali’a Noor, p. 727.
• Sadeghi Hassanabadi. Ali and Radmard. Abdullah (2019). "A Study of the Typology of Safi Interpretation". Researches on Mystical Literature (Gohar Goya). 13th year. First issue. 40 consecutively. pp. 139-174.
• Safi Ali Shah. Mirza Mohammad Hassan Isfahani (2003). Safi interpretation. With the efforts of Hamed Naji Isfahani. Isfahan: Research Center Publications.
• ________________________________________ (1981). Asrar-ul-Ma'rif and Mizan-ul-Ma'rifah. Tehran: Iqbal, p. 61.
• Saki. Nancy and Baba Ahmadi. Zohreh (1981). “The mystical interpretation of verse 35 of Surah Noor based on the revelation of the secrets of the righteous promise.” Scientific Quarterly Journal of Islamic Mysticism. Year 20. No. 77. pp. 157-174.
• Suhrewardi. Shahabuddin (1986). Rashef-ul-Nasaih al-Imaniyah and Kashf-ul-Fudaih al-Yunanyah. Translation: Moin al-Din Jamal ibn Muhammad. Correction: Najib Mayel Heravi, pp. 59-60.
• Surtiji. Ramezan and others (2024). "Elements of Mysticism in the Master of Mysticism of Safi Ali Shah". Stylistics and Analysis of Persian Poetry and Prose Texts (Bahar Adab), 17th year. 104 consecutively. pp. 257-276.
• Tabarsi. Fazl ibn Hassan (1993). Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Tehran: Nasser Khosrow, p. 224.
• Tabarsi. Mohammad ibn Jarir (1993). Jama’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Beirut: Dar al-Marfa, p. 105.
• Tabatabaei. Mohammad Hossein (1999). Al-Mizan. Translated by Seyyed Mohammad Baqer Mousavi Hamedani. Qom: Jamia Modarresin, p. 168.
• Tostari. Sahl bin Abdullah (2002). Tafsir al-Tafsir. Beirut: Dar al-Kutb al-Ilamiyah, p. 112.
• Vakili. Hadi and Others (2012). “Interpretation of the Verse of Light from the Perspective of Ibn Sina and Dar al-Shkoh”. Contemporary Wisdom. Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. Year 3. Issue 1. pp. 141-152